micrococcus luteus biochemical tests

They are positive for catalase and oxidase ( modified). (2010) What are microbes? Lastly, do not underestimate the variety of different genera in the four families of the Gram- positive cocci that can, under the right circumstances, move from relatively harmless saprophytes to disease-producing opportunists. They can even survive in conditions that have very little of even no oxygen, using glycolysis and alternative electron acceptors to create ATP. The EMB plate is also selective for gram-negative bacteria which is probably why the bacteria didnt grow on it. Your email address will not be published. When using a fluid thyoglycollate test it resulted in the isolate being a strict aerobe, with all of the bacterium being at the top of the medium where it is oxygenic. View Biochemical Tests Lab Report.docx from BIOL 240 at University of Alaska, Anchorage. . What are the Uses of Micrococcus Gram Stain? The Micrococcus strains isolated from various infections were most probably misclassified as staphylococci. Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, motile -non motile, that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. Micrococcus lylaeare Gram-positive cocci mostly arranged in tetrads. Micrococcus luteus is a constituent of the normal human buccal bacterial flora which forms yellowish colonies and appears as a gram-positive coccus typically arranged in tetrads. Positive. M. luteus has one of the smallest genomes of all the bacteria. In the final section of a study, it is essential to present important information, techniques, and variables. Included in the observation of the morphology of the colony is the effect that the bacterial growth has on the sheep erythrocytes in the agar medium. The sample was then sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq technology in UAFs DNA Core Lab. For the micrococci, susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents, bacitracin and furazolidone, as well as the modified oxidase test can be performed to distinguish this group from the staphylococci. (2019, March 14). "EPR and ENDOR detection of compound I from Micrococcus lysodeikticus catalase". We found this to be true because the filter paper turned blue, which showed that the species has the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. 2. The catalase test also indicated that the microbe does not have catalase, despite the metagenomic binning test suggesting it. // This is designated as beta ()-hemolysis. Micrococcus luteus growth on nutrient agar is bright mustard-yellow colonies as shown above image. I also had to do the thyoglycate test 3 times to get a conclusive result, further making me skeptical of how active the culture was during the physical tests during week 6, which is where almost all of the inconsistencies arose. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) is a selective, differential, and indicator medium used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from the clinical specimen. Source: Trainee Council in English, Hello, my name is Dr. Karen Krisher. It grew in circular, entire, convex and creamy yellow pigmented colonies heaving 0.5-2.5 diameter. Once the culture was deemed pure enough, I inoculated a slant tube. Typical colonies are often described as gray to white, moist or glistening. Alpha-hemolytic colonies often assume a greenish hue. The microdase test, also known as modified oxidase test is a rapid test to differentiate Staphylococcus from Micrococcus which are Gram-positive cocci possessing catalase enzymes. These residential skin organisms are also fairly ubiquitous in the environment. Following incubation at 37oC, if the plasma forms a clot, the organism is coagulase positive. The tests that did not agree were most likely from not having an active colony used in the experiment, such as the oxidase test being negative or the API 20 E test strip showing that the isolate did not reduce nitrate, which it does, referencing Medical Laboratories. The API 20 Strep test I used came up with no conclusive results. This simple-to-perform test categorizes the Gram-positive cocci as either catalase producers (+) or non-producers (-). They are usually normal flora but can be opportunistic pathogens in certain immunocompromised patients. 2002). Micrococcus luteus is generally harmless but can become an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised people or those with indwelling catheters. The antibiotic resistance test showed only minor resistance to the antibiotic Oxacillin, which is likely due to a chance inheritance in the population or complete chance because of the weak strength. Many of the tests did line up with M. luteus though, such as the fluid thyoglycate test, which showed that it was an obligate aerobe. While every effort is made to ensure details distributed by Culture Collections are accurate, Culture Collections cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies in the data supplied. Biochemical 1- Catalase (+ve) 2- Coagulase (-ve) Finally, when looking at the API 20E strip none of the results returned positive despite the culture being active and fresh from being streaked recently. Streptococcus pneumoniae and a group of streptococci referred to as viridans (green) streptococci are examples of bacteria producing alpha-hemolysis. I would hypothesise that because we clean our shower regularly, that most of the bacterium un the shower drain would come from people in my family taking a shower, and mostly be from the skin. These include the slide or drop catalase test, the tube method, the semiquantitative catalase for the identification of Mycobacterium, M. luteus played an important part in Flemings discovery of, A rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis is caused by Micrococcus luteus, it is described and compared with the few cases that are reported in the literature, as well as the clinical features, microbiological profile, therapy, and prognosis of common prosthetic valve endocarditis. Structure and PhysiologyThis bacteria is Gram-positive, spherical, and an obligate aerobe. [3] Further biochemical tests to identify include the catalase and oxidase test, and typical tests of a "colorful series . (negative). They occur in pairs, tetrads or clusters but not in chains. Each genus lends itself to a separate tutorial. Recent reports, however, confirm that micrococci may be associated with human infections, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. It is an opportunistic pathogen, only pathogenic enough to cause disease in weakened immune systems (Medical Laboratories). Results: Regarding the gram stain test, my isolate was gram variable, I ensured that the strain was fresh so that the age of the culture was the same throughout the test. It has been isolated from human skin. Staphylococci are either producers of the enzyme coagulase or non-producers. Notice that beta-hemolysis results in a total lysis or clearing of the agar in the area of colony growth. I grew my isolated in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for a week to prepare for DNA extraction. These organisms range in virulence potential from commensal organisms found on the skin and mucous membranes to pathogens associated with serious infections. Label the slide with the name of the organism; Place 15 - 20 uL of the culture in the middle of the slide Micrococcus luteus biochemical test result. Micrococcus luteus was found gram-positive cocci, non-spore forming, non-haemolytic, non-motile aerobic or facultative anaerobes, arranged in pairs, irregular clusters and tetrads. When looking at the antibiotic test results, the isolate is resistant to none of the applied antibiotics, and is only lightly to intermediately resistant to oxacillin. Hybridization studies indicate that species within the genus Micrococcus are not closely related, showing as little as 50% sequence similarity. The data on the GC content of the DNA, chemical cell wall analysis, and a comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences. The oxygen class and the gram positiveness of the microbe also matches up with that of Micrococcus luteus. Note the bright yellow, non-diffusable colony pigment which is a defining characteristic of M. luteus. The typical microscopic morphology of the Gram-positive cocci when using the Grams stain is represented in these three images. There have been several deaths in immuno-compromised children that are caused by. Micrococcus luteus characteristics possess unusual abilities to tolerate and to use very toxic organic molecules as carbon sources and it combines these activities with tolerance to metals. Catalase test was the first biochemical test to be done . It has been isolated from human skin. Although the initial placement of the Gram- positive cocci into broad categories is relatively easy, further classification of some isolates can be challenging and requires a battery of tests to arrive at a definitive identification. All three types of hemolytic reactions are represented on this slide. Basics of Differentiation of Gram Positive Cocci, The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, Challenges in Blood Group Alloantibody Detection, Clinical Applications of Complement Testing, Collecting Blood from Patients with Vascular Lines, Diagnosis of Syphilis Using the Reverse Algorithm, Liquid Chromatography LC Basics and Separation Techniques, Liquid Chromatography Separation Mechanisms, Optimal Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, Pharmacogenetics for Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions, Sensitivity Specificity and Predictive Values in Diagnostic Testing, Transfusion Support in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, Clinical Chemistry Guide to Scientific Writing, Commission on Accreditation in Clinical Chemistry. Krona chart of microbe shows bacterial classes thought to be present in the sample. The pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, is notably coagulase-positive while most other members of the family are coagulase-negative. The catalase test did return positive by bubbling, indicating that it does have the ability to break down the radical hydrogen peroxide into diatomic oxygen and hydrogen. M. luteus oxidize carbohydrates to form carbon dioxide and water, and it does not produce acid from the glucose as well as it does not make arginine dihydrolase or b-galactosidase. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. About half of the Micrococcus luteus gram stain was found to carry plasmids of about one to 100MDa in size. For the micrococci, susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents, bacitracin and furazolidone, as well as the modified oxidase test can be performed to distinguish this group from the staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus spp. The negative oxidase result conflicts with M. luteus (Public Health England). Figure 2. The results of this analysis are shown in table 1. Micrococcus Catalase Test: The catalase test facilitates the detection of the enzyme catalase in bacteria. While defining the characteristics of the Micrococcus are the ability to produce acid aerobically from the aesculin hydrolysis, glucose glycerol, arginine dihydrolase, motility, major pigment production, and conversion of nitrate to nitrite. Unlike other actinobacteria, M. luteus expresses only one resuscitation-promoting factor that is required for the emergence from dormancy and has few other dormancy-related proteins. They are catalase and oxidase positive whereas urease negative. 2. I then repeated this three more times to further purify the isolate. This test had VP, HIP, ESC, PYRA, aGAL, bGUR, bGAL, PAL, LAP, ADH, RIB, ARA, MAN, SOR, LAC, TRE, INU, RAF, AMD, and GLYG tests. Although of low virulence, the germs may become more pathogenic in patients with impaired resistance, colonizing the surface of heart valves. Micrococcus species are more sensitive to the Bacitracin while the staphylococci are resistant. Micrococcus Luteus is a gram positive, non-motile, non-sporing cocci belonging to micrococcea family. Sarah D. Perkins., Government of Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada. I also hypothesize that it will be an aerobic organism, given that I found it in a well aerated environment and it has survived until I cultured it. Where the M. luteus can cause severe skin infections and is sometimes clinically mistaken for Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus spp. Though today the immuno-compromised patients take the risk of the infection that has grown. Ans: Although it is a harmless saprophyte, Micrococcus luteus can act as an opportunistic pathogen. Micrococcus., h. Shahidi Bonjar. Biochemical Tests in Microbiology answer sheet - Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Pre-Laboratory - Studocu Biochemical Tests in Microbiology lab answer sheet biochemical tests in microbiology questions why do some microbes specialize to use different food source than Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home The tetrads of the micrococci, the grape like clusters of the staphylococci, and the pairs and/or chains of the streptococci are shown. Discussion: When looking at all of the results for my isolate, they are not all consistent with Micrococcus luteus. Source publication +9 Isolation and Identification of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in Living Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) Sold in. We will discuss this shortly. Retrieved 06:20, April 16, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micrococcus_luteus&oldid=887698104, Wikipedia contributors. Microbes are too small to be seen by the naked eye; they can survive in conditions that many would think are unlivable like the anaerobic environment in the rumen of cows, hot springs, and cold Antarctic waters (What are microbes, 2010). Retrieved 22:17, April 16, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_aureus&oldid=890960280, Your email address will not be published. M. luteus played an important part in Flemings discovery of Lysozyme which is the bodys natural antibiotic.

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micrococcus luteus biochemical tests

micrococcus luteus biochemical tests