which of the following describes situational communication competence

Bilingual books and materials in languages other than English can raise all childrens awareness through exposure to different languages and scripts. are able to locate and identify specific facts within the text. While you should feel free to read ahead to that chapter, you can also manage your anxiety by following some of the following tips. Describe a situation in which you believe the primacy and/or . Poor Teamwork in the Medical Office, View the following video describing good situational monitoring strategies. Intercultural communication competence (ICC) is the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various cultural contexts. Learning to read in a second language may be hindered or enhanced by students levels of literacy in their native languages. Research has found that juries often select their foreperson based on where he or she happens to sit (Andersen, 1999). TESOL Quarterly 31(3), 409430. He says, Um, wellI had already made plans to go to dinner with Cal and he drove last time so its kind of my turn to drive this time. (1997). Chapter 2: Language Proficiency and Communicative Competence by Gisela Ernst-Slavit and Joy Egbert is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. After watching the video, consider the following: View the following video, Good Teamwork in the Medical Office, describing good communication strategies. While the ability to correctly form words, sentences, paragraphs, and larger bodies of text is an important expectation by schools and educators, the area of communicative competence can sometimes be overlooked. This is just the beginning of our conversation about communication competence. Discuss strategies for developing communication competence. Develop flexibility You can improve your communication competency by becoming flexible in your social interactions. Given the wide variety of languages spoken by immigrant students in the United States today, teachers will not know all of the native languages of their students. Although those guides may contain many valid rules of nonverbal communication, those rules are always relative to the individual, social, and cultural contexts in which an interaction takes place. Intercultural competence is contextual. Our cognitive activity increases when we have to decide whether to engage in deception or not, which often involves some internal debate. As youll recall, verbal fillers and other speech disfluencies are studied as part of vocalics; examples include false starts, stutters, and fillers. Recognize that some environments facilitate communication and some do not. If we notice that a person is starting to build related signals like the ones above onto one another, we might be able to intervene in the negative reaction that is building. Furthermore, 70 percent of college students experience some trait CA, which means that addressing communication anxiety in a class like the one youre taking now stands to benefit the majority of students (Priem & Solomon, 2009). In response to both of these comments, I say, Just because I know the concepts and definitions doesnt mean I always put them to good use. When did the field of intercultural communication begin in the United States? The abbreviation L1 refers to someones native language. Compare the two. Once you learn more about communication and have a vocabulary to identify concepts, you may find yourself exhibiting conscious incompetence. Maybe I could pantomime or draw a picture? Which, if any, of the nonverbal cues discussed do you think help you deceive others or give you away? Communication departments are typically the only departments that address communication apprehension explicitly, which is important as CA is related to negative academic consequences such as negative attitudes toward school, lower over-all classroom achievement, lower final course grades, and higher college attrition rates (Allen, Hunter, & Donohue, 2009). As you build a repertoire of communication knowledge based on your experiential and classroom knowledge, you will also be developing behavioral competence. Skilled decoders of nonverbal messages are said to have nonverbal sensitivity, which, very similarly to skilled encoders, leads them to have larger social networks, be more popular, and exhibit less social anxiety (Riggio, 1992). Think of a time when your car didnt start and needed to get into work. A traditional front-facing business or educational setup is designed for one person to communicate with a larger audience. gradually construct meaning from the words themselves. may not understand texts in which the concepts are presented in isolation and without contextualized support, the sentence structure is complex, or the vocabulary is abstract or has multiple meanings. Educating ELLs includes not only focusing on language learning but also on building on students native languages, cultures, and experiences. Take a moment to recall the information Rudi Heinz collected about Faridahs English language proficiency test scores: Using the information presented in the preceding section, answer the following questions. The head leaning over and being supported by a hand can typically be decoded as a sign of boredom, the thumb supporting the chin and the index finger touching the head close to the temple or eye as a sign of negative evaluative thoughts, and the chin stroke as a sign that a person is going through a decision-making process (Pease & Pease, 2004). Some key components include motivation, self- and other knowledge, and tolerance for uncertainty. In C. Williams, G. Lewis, and C. Baker (Eds. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard developed the Situational Leadership model in 1969 while working on Management of Organizational Behavior . For example, if you are waiting in line to get your drivers license renewed and the agents in front of you are moving slower than youd like and the man in front of you doesnt have his materials organized and is asking unnecessary questions, you might start to exhibit nonverbal clusters that signal frustration. It allows for instant feedback, clarity, and understanding. One way for students to obtain sufficient amounts of written input is through pleasure reading, whether in L1 or L2. Despite the fact that no guidelines for or definitions of competence will be applicable in all situations, the National Communication Association (NCA) has identified many aspects of competence related to communication. Identify good and poorcommunication and situational monitoring techniques. TeamSTEPPS for Office-Based Care Online Course (AHRQ). Avoid combining touch with negative criticism; a hand on the shoulder during a critical statement can increase a persons defensiveness and seem condescending or aggressive. The student scratches his head and says, What do you mean? Competence involves knowledge, motivation, and skills. Be aware of the multichannel nature of nonverbal communication. This perspective views bilinguals and multilinguals not as possessing two or more autonomous language systems, but as users of a unitary linguistic repertoire where they sort and select whatever resources are needed to make meaning and to communicate with others. . An understanding that some communication skills work in some situations while other skills do not 1 (2009): 5476. Competence obviously involves verbal and nonverbal elements, but it also applies to many situations and contexts. Bilingual books can help teachers and others learn some words in students native languages. We all know areas where we could improve our communication, and taking this class will probably expose even more. Developing communication competence can bring many rewards, but it also requires time and effort. Communication is not only about oral and written language. However, when Dad speaks to the children he does so in Urdu. may have difficulty understanding and using some idioms, figures of speech, and words with multiple meanings. Remember that adaptors can hurt your credibility in more formal or serious interactions. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing. To assist you with the pronunciation of many foreign names, visit How to Say that Name.com. C. The transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver via a medium of transmission is known as ________. 1 (2000): 105. Situational Leadership is a style of leadership where leaders consider the readiness level of the team members they serve and the uniqueness of every situation. Be aware that clenched hands may signal aggression or anger, nail biting or fidgeting may signal nervousness, and finger tapping may signal boredom. Polygraph machines, or lie detectors, work on the principle that the presence of signs of arousal is a reliable indicator of deception in situations where other factors that would also evoke such signals are absent. Mark L. Knapp and Kerry J. Daly (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002): 33973. As is stressed in Chapter 2 Communication and Perception, first impressions matter. I mean, is there someone else you could ask or someone else who could get her? Proficiency in reading may vary considerably depending on learners familiarity and prior experience with . Communicate consistently the importance of teamwork in patient-centered & community-focused care. English learners engage in oral communication in a variety of situations for a variety of purposes and audiences in a wide array of social, cultural, and academic contexts. Which of the following is NOT true of communication in the health care? This program is called TeamSTEPPS. McKay, M., Martha Davis, and Patrick Fanning, Messages: Communication Skills Book, 2nd ed. Therefore a nasal voice or a deep voice may not have any relevant meaning within an interaction. (2017, December). If the professor, however, regularly breaks off eye contact and looks anxiously at her office door, then she is sending a message that could be perceived as disinterest, which is incongruent with the overall message of care and concern she probably wants to encode. Increasing our awareness of the multiple channels through which we send nonverbal cues can help us make our signals more congruent in the moment. A politician is questioned by a reporter about allegations that she used taxpayer money to fund personal vacations. Recognize that personal presentation carries much weight in terms of initial impressions, so meeting the expectations and social norms for dress, grooming, and other artifactual communication is especially important for impression management. Conversely, people who have interpersonal trust issues and people in occupations like law enforcement may also have a lie bias, meaning they assume people are lying to them more often than not (Andersen, 1999). Since nonverbal communication is multichannel, it is important to be aware that nonverbal cues can complement, enhance, or contradict each other. Research on public speaking anxiety has focused on three key ways to address this common issue: systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and skills training (Bodie, 2010). For example, a comfortable sofa may bring four people together, but eye contact among all four is nearly impossible if theyre all facing the same direction. Chapter 2: Language Proficiency and Communicative Competence, http://www.k12.wa.us/MigrantBilingual/ELD.aspx, https://wida.wisc.edu/sites/default/files/resource/2012-ELD-Standards.pdf, http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/englangdevstnd.pdf, https://www.isbe.net/Pages/English-Language-Learning-Standards.aspx, http://ipsi.utexas.edu/EST/files/standards/ELPS/ELPS.pdf, http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/home-language-english-language-learners-most-valuable-resource, http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/stats/3_bystate.htm, https://sites.tesol.org/Bookstore/ItemDetail?iProductCode=318&Category=STANDARDS, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, -/s/ plural Ken has many books., -/s/ possessive That is Tamaras coat.. Of college students, 15 to 20 percent experience high trait CA, meaning they are generally anxious about communication. A mindful communicator actively and fluidly processes information, is sensitive to communication contexts and multiple perspectives, and is able to adapt to novel communication situations (Burgoon, Berger, & Waldron, 2000). Robert S. Feldman (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1992), 23. Self-touches like wringing hands and object-adaptors like playing with a pencil or messing with clothing have been shown to correlate to deception. The SLII model is divided into two parts: d. Leadership style and follower development level 6. Apply their own frame of reference. Is the learners relationship to these languages based on expertise, inheritance, affiliation, or a combination? (p. 418). People may show feelings that they do not actually have, show a higher intensity of feelings than they actually have, try to show no feelings, try to show less feeling than they actually have, or mask one feeling with another. Also realize that the norms and expectations for sending nonverbal messages, especially touch and personal space, vary widely between relational and professional contexts. Upon completion of the simulation module, which includes on-line case analyses, you will be able to: Identify good and poor communication and situational monitoring techniques. Part of being a good listener involves nonverbal-encoding competence, as nonverbal feedback in the form of head nods, eye contact, and posture can signal that a listener is paying attention and the speakers message is received and understood. This information is pivotal when planning appropriate instruction for ELLs. A date? Quintillian. Communication competence refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts. The ability to communicate effectively is often included as a primary undergraduate learning goal along with other key skills like writing, critical thinking, and problem solving. There are multiple stages of competence that I challenge you to assess as you communicate in your daily life: unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence, and unconscious competence (Hargie, 2011). Smiles are especially powerful as an immediacy behavior and a rapport-building tool. The following is a brief introduction to TeamSTEPPS. While these books vary tremendously in terms of their credibility and quality, some, like Allan Pease and Barbara Peases The Definitive Book of Body Language, are informative and interesting to read. You likely havent heard professors or university administrators use the term communication competence, but as we learn more about it in this section, I am sure you will see how communication competence can benefit you in many aspects of your life. the receiver provides feedback. While it doesnt always mean a person is being honest, displaying palms is largely unconsciously encoded and decoded as a sign of openness and truthfulness. This states that communication skills that work in some situations will not work in all . begin to use general academic vocabulary and familiar everyday expressions. But you have to be prepared to put in the time to improve; for example, it takes effort to become a better listener or to give better feedback. New York: Routledge. In writing, they are able to generate . Vocalics. Our tendency to assume that people are telling us the truth can also lead to negative results. Think of a person you know who you think possesses a high level of communication competence. Do you consider yourself a good deceiver? 6 strategies for improving communication competence Here's a list of six strategies you can use for improving communication competence: 1. A) nontraditional media. Why is verbal communication often the most effective way to communication? A person wouldnt likely perform all those signals simultaneously. The third part of the definition we will unpack is ability to adapt to various contexts. The science of behavioral ethics offers interesting insights into why even well-intended individuals fall short of our intentions to act ethically. Such deviations may lead people to misinterpret sexual or romantic interest or feel uncomfortable. The following statements are about vertical integration. In this sense, the multichannel nature of nonverbal communication creates the potential of both increased credibility and increased ambiguity. Recognize how ones own uniqueness, including experience level, expertise, culture, power, and hierarchy within the healthcare team, contributes to effective communication, conflict resolution, and positive interprofessional working relationships (University of Toronto, 2008). You would likely be able to offer some descriptors of how a person would look and act from the following categories: a goth person, a prep, a jock, a fashionista, a hipster. How can educators model and teach each facet of communicative competence while simultaneously teaching content? acquire a vocabulary of stock words and phrases covering many daily situations. E) nonverbal forms of communication. Nonverbal communication affects our own and others behaviors and communication. 1 (2004): 2738. Apply the concepts we are learning to your life and find ways to make this class help you achieve your goals. We also shift the front of our body away from others since it has most of our sensory inputs and also allows access to body parts that are considered vulnerable, such as the stomach, face, and genitals (Andersen, 1999). can produce clear, smoothly flowing, well-structured texts of differing lengths and degrees of linguistic complexity. Genesee, F. (2012). In addition, many of the suggestions in the section on encoding competence can be adapted usefully to decoding. DePaulo, P. J., Applications of Nonverbal Behavior Research in Marketing and Management, Applications of Nonverbal Behavior Theories and Research, ed. People with nonverbal encoding competence are typically more in control of conversations. Our lateness or promptness can send messages about our professionalism, dependability, or other personality traits. Beginner speakers can often reduce their use of verbal fillers noticeably over just a short period of time. The way we stand, the distance between our listeners and us, the looks on our faces, and our tone of voice all influence the manner and content of our communication. As students navigate through the process of becoming competent users of English, educators awareness of their location along the language learning continuum can help them better address the students needs and build on their strengths. Likewise, as we become more experienced communicators we tend to think that we become better at interpreting nonverbal messages. This knowledge of their first language (L1) will greatly enhance their opportunities to learn English. When someone is avoiding eye contact, dont immediately assume they are not listening or are hiding something, especially if you are conveying complex or surprising information. The nonverbal messages we encode also help us express our identities and play into impression management, which as we learned in Chapter 1 Introduction to Communication Studies is a key part of communicating to achieve identity goals. For example, people engaging in negative critical evaluation of a speaker may cross their legs, cross one arm over their stomach, and put the other arm up so the index finger is resting close to the eye while the chin rests on the thumb (Pease & Pease, 2004). The following guidelines may help you more effectively encode nonverbal signals using touch: These are types of touch to avoid (Andersen, 1999): The following guidelines may help you more effectively encode nonverbal signals using paralanguage. In most cases, we can consciously decide to work on our deficiencies, which may take considerable effort. Suddenly the picture of a bumbling juggler (with himself in the lead role) trying to add one more item to his routine sprang into his mind. Mirroring sends implicit messages to others that say, Look! Write one problem on the index card and place in envelope. You are calling mechanic. These four domains can be classified as receptive or productive skills and as oral or written. Which of the following is NOT a desirable communication skill? At the individual level, a persons physiological and psychological characteristics affect competence. Research in this area indicates that full proficiency in the native language facilitates the development of the second language (L2) (August & Shanahan, 2017).

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which of the following describes situational communication competence

which of the following describes situational communication competence