manvar surname caste in gujarat

The Kayasthas and Brahma-Kshatriyas, the so- called writer castes, employed mainly in the bureaucracy, and the Vahivancha Barots, genealogists and mythographers, were almost exclusively urban castes. Far from it, I am only suggesting that its role had certain limitations and that the principle of division was also an important and competing principle. In some other cases, mainly of urban artisans, craftsmen and specialized servants, such as Kansaras (copper and bronze smiths), Salvis (silk weavers), Kharadis (skilled carpenters and wood carvers), Chudgars (bangle-makers) and Vahivanchas genealogists and mythographers), the small populations were so small and confined to so few towns that they had few subdivisions and the boundaries of their horizontal units were fairly easy to define. There is enormous literature on these caste divisions from about the middle of the 19th century which includes census reports, gazetteers, [] There was an emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower. The highland Bhils seem to have provided brides to lower Rajputs on the other side of the highlands also, i.e., to those in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh (see, for example, Doshi, 1971: 7f., 13-15; Aurora 1972: 16, 32f.). Broach, Cambay and Surat were the largest, but there were also a number of smaller ones. A block printed and resist-dyed fabric, whose origin is from Gujarat was found in the tombs of Fostat, Egypt. What I am trying to point out, however, is that greater emphasis on division (Pococks difference, Dumonts separation. It is argued that the various welfare programmes of each caste association, such as provision of medical facilities, scholarships and jobs for caste members contribute, in however small a way, to the solution of the nations problems. In most parts of Gujarat it merged into the various second-order divisions of the Koli division and possible also into the widespread tribe of Bhils. Moreover, some leading Anavils did not wish to be bothered about Brahman status, saying that they were just Anavil. This was because political authorities were hierarchized from little kingdom to empire and the boundaries of political authorities kept changing. Systematic study of small caste divisions in villages as well as in towns still awaits the attention of sociologists and anthropologists. In particular, the implications of the co-existence of lower-order divisions within a higher- order division in the same town or city should be worked out. hu)_EYUT?:fX:vOR,4g4ce{\(wcUO %OW-Knj|qV]_)1?@{^ $:0ZY\fpg7J~Q~pHaMVSP5bLC}6+zwgv;f f^v4[|vug+vO0h t7QNP}EYm+X[x~;O|z5tq ]-39aa{g-u5n:a56&`3y.f-a@a"0v-a@$%`Z]]Iqb56aR0g 30V9EM%K"#|6uN? =O|8alCcs):~AC<5 q|om57/|Sgc}2c#)U~WL}%T]s> z. In addition, they carried on overland trade with many towns in central and north India. I shall first provide an analysis of caste in the past roughly during the middle of the 19th century, and then deal with changes in the modern times. Patidars or Patels claim themselves to be descendants of Lord Ram. <> The handloom weavers of Gujarat, Maharastra and Bengal produced and exported some of the world's most desirable fabrics. It used to have a panch (council of leaders) and sometimes also a headman (patel). Gujarati migrations to the nearby metropolis of Bombay the first new centre of administration, industry, commerce, education, and western culture, followed the same links. The urban centres in both the areas, it is hardly necessary to mention, are nucleated settlements populated by numerous caste and religious groups. Hypergamy was accompanied by sanskritization of at least a section of the tribal population, their claim to the Kshatriya Varna and their economic and political symbiosis with the caste population. While fission did occur, fusion could also occur. And even when a Brahman name corresponded with a Vania name, the former did not necessarily work as priests of the latter.The total number of second-divisions in a first-order division differed from one first-order division to another. Report a Violation, Caste Stratification: Changing Rural Caste Stratification, Caste in Rural India: Specificities of Caste in Rural Society. Thus, the result was the spread of the population of a caste division towards its fringes. Tirgaar, Tirbanda. This list may not reflect recent changes. Frequently, social divisions were neatly expressed in street names. While certain first-order divisions were found mainly in towns, the population of certain other first-order divisions was dispersed in villages as well as in towns, the population of the rural and the urban sections differing from one division to another. What may be called the census approach influenced a great deal of scholarly work. So instead of a great exporter of finished products, India became an importer of British, while its share of world export fell from 27% to two percent. Leva Kanbis, numbering 400,000 to 500,000 m 1931, were the traditional agricultural caste of central Gujarat. There was also another important correlation. The point is that there was nothing like the endogamous unit but there were only several units of various orders with defined roles in endogamy. The Kolis in such an area may not even be concerned about a second-order divisional name and may be known simply as Kolis. This does not solve the problem if there are four orders of divisions of the kind found in Gujarat. If the first-order divisions are called jatis and castes, the second-order divisions would be called sub-jatis or sub-castes. Most of the second-order divisions were further divided into third-order divisions. There is enormous literature on these caste divisions from about the middle of the 19th century which includes census reports, gazetteers, castes-and- tribes volumes, ethnographic notes and monographs and scholarly treatises such as those by Baines, Blunt, Ghurye, Hocart, Hutton, Ibbet- son, OMalley, Risley, Senart, and others. Roughly, while in the plains area villages are nucleated settlements, populated by numerous castes, in the highland area villages are dispersed settlements, populated by tribes and castes of tribal origin. Because of these two major factors, one economic and the other political, Gujarat at the beginning of the 19th century had a large urban population, distributed over a large number of small towns. manvar surname caste in gujaratbest imperial trooper team swgoh piett. In the village strict prohibition of inter-division marriage as well as the rules of purity and pollution and other mechanisms, of which the students of Indian village communities are well aware since the 1950s, maintained the boundaries of these divisions. For example, among Vanias in a large town like Ahmedabad many of the thirty or forty second-order divisions (such as Khadayata, Modh, Porwad, Shrimali, and so on) were represented. We have analyzed the internal structure of two first-order divisions, Rajput and Anavil, which did not have any second-order divisions, and of several second-order divisionsTalapada and Pardeshi Koli, Khedawal Brahman, and Leva Kanbiwhich did not have any third-order divisions. In 1931, their total population was more than 1,700,000, nearly one-fourth of the total population of Gujarat. For example, among the Khadayata Vanias there are all-Khadayata associations as well as associations for the various ekdas and sometimes even for their tads (see Shah, Ragini 1978). The change from emphasis on hierarchy to emphasis on division is becoming increasingly significant in view of the growth of urban population both in absolute number and in relation to the total population. The migrants, many of whom came from heterogeneous urban centres of Gujarat, became part of an even more heterogeneous environment in Bombay. But there were also others who did not wield any power. Weaving and cloth trading communities of Western India particularly of Gujarat are called Vankar/Wankar/Vaniya. According to the Rajputs I know in central Gujarat, the highest stratum among them consisted of the royal families of large and powerful kingdoms in Gujarat and neighbouring Rajasthan, such as those of Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Kachchh, Porbandar, Bikaner, Idar, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Udaipur, and so on. [1], People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 1126-1129, Last edited on 14 November 2022, at 23:04, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vankar&oldid=1121933086, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 23:04. One important first-order division, namely, Rajput, does not seem to have had any second-order division at all. If this rule was violated, i.e., if he married a girl with whom the Vanias did not have commensal relations, the maximum punishment, namely, excommunication, was imposed. . When the rural population began to be drawn towards the new opportunities, the first to take advantage of them were the rural sections of the rural-cum-urban castes. Homo Hierarchicus. The institutions of both bride and bridegroom price (the latter also called dowry) were rampant in castes with continuous internal hierarchydowry mainly at the upper levels, bride price mainly at the lower levels, and both dowry and bride price among status-seeking middle level families. The lowest stratum among the Khedawals tried to cope with the problem of scarcity of brides mainly by practising ignominious exchange marriage and by restricting marriage of sons in a family to the younger sons, if not to only the youngest. State Id State Name Castecode Caste Subcaste 4 GUJARAT 4001 AHIR SORATHA 4 GUJARAT 4002 AHIR 4 GUJARAT 4003 ANSARI 4 GUJARAT 4004 ANVIL BRAHMIN 4 GUJARAT 4005 ATIT BAYAJI BAKSHI PANCH 4 GUJARAT 4006 BAJANIYA 4 GUJARAT 4007 BAJIR . Limitations of the holistic view of caste, based as it is mainly on the study of the village, should be realized in the light of urban experience. A comment on the sociology of urban India would, therefore, be in order before we go ahead with the discussion of caste divisions. 3 0 obj A first-order division could be further divided into two or more second-order divisions. For example, among the Vanias the most general rule was that a marriage of a boy could be arranged with any girl who was bhane khapati, i.e., with whom he was permitted to have commensal relations (roti vyavahar). Till the establishment of democratic polity in 1947, hardly any caste association in Gujarat had manifest political functions. I have bits and pieces of information about relations between a considerable numbers of other lower-order divisions in their respective higher-order divisions. Tapodhans were priests in Shiva temples. The main aim of this paper is to discuss, on the basis of data derived mainly from Gujarat, these and other problems connected with the horizontal dimension of caste. endobj In spite of them, however, sociologists and social anthropologists have not filled adequately the void left by the disappearance of caste from the census and the gazetteer. Sometimes castes are described as becoming ethnic groups in modern India, particularly in urban India. The co-residence of people belonging to two or more divisions of the lower orders within a division of a higher order has been a prominent feature of caste in towns and cities. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The Rajputs, in association with Kolis, Bhils, and such other castes and tribes, provide an extreme example of such castes. They have been grouped in Vaishya category of Varna system. Third, although two or more new endogamous units came into existence and marriage between them was forbidden thereafter, a number of pre-existing kinship and affinal relationships continued to be operative between them. manvar surname caste in gujarat. Advances in manufacturing technologies flooded markets in India and abroad with cheap, mass-produced fabrics that Indian handlooms could no longer compete with. Most of them were, true to their name, rulers at various levels of the political hierarchy from the kingly level to the level of dominant caste in many villages. They wrote about the traditional Indian village, but not about the traditional Indian town. Indeed, a major achievement of Indian sociology during the last thirty years or so has been deeper understanding of caste in the village context in particular and of its hierarchical dimension in general. While the Rajputs, Leva Patidars, Anavils and Khedawals have been notorious for high dowries, and the Kolis have been looked down upon for their practice of bride price, the Vanias have been paying neither. In all there were thirty to forty such divisions. In these divisions an increasing number of marriages are taking place against the grain of traditional hierarchy, i.e., girls of traditionally higher strata marry boys of traditionally lower strata. The most important example of primarily political caste association is the Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha. Apparently this upper boundary of the division was sharp and clear, especially when we remember that many of these royal families practised polygyny and female infanticide until middle of the 19th century (see Plunkett 1973; Viswa Nath 1969, 1976). Privacy Policy 8. I am not suggesting that the principle of hierarchy was insignificant in the inter- or intra-caste relations in urban centres. In the city, on the other hand, the population was divided into a large number of castes and each of most of them had a large population, frequently subdivided up to the third or the fourth order. For example, in a Rajput kingdom the families of the Rajput king and his nobles resided in the capital town, while the Rajput landlords and cultivators resided in villages. Inclusion of a lower-order division in a higher-order one and distinction between various divisions in a certain order was not as unambiguous. When Mr. H. Borradaile in A.D. 1827 collected information regarding the customs of Hindus, no less than 207 castes which did not intermarry, were found in the city of Surat alone. This stratum among the Kanbis coped with the problem mainly by practising remarriage of widows and divorced women. The co-residence of people belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a division of a higher order has been a prominent feature of caste in towns and cities. The four major woven fabrics produced by these communities are cotton, silk, khadi and linen. For example, all Vania divisions were divided into a number of ekdas or gols. Some ekdas did come into existence in almost the same way as did the tads, that is to say, by a process of fission of one ekda into two or more ekdas. Many primarily rural castes, such as Kolisthe largest castehave remained predominantly rural even today. 4 0 obj Since Vankars were involved in production and business they were known as Nana Mahajans or small merchants. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Social_groups_of_Gujarat&oldid=1080951156, Social groups of India by state or union territory, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 April 2022, at 12:36. www.opendialoguemediations.com. But during the 18th century, when the Mughal Empire was disintegrating, a large number of small kingdoms came into existence, and each had a small capital town of its own. Far too many studies of changes in caste in modern India start with a general model of caste in traditional India which is in fact a model of caste in traditional rural India. Since Rajput as a caste occurred all over northern, central and western India (literally, it means rulers son, ruling son), the discussion of Rajputs in Gujarat will inevitably draw us into their relationship with Rajputs in other regions. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"uGhRfiuY26l2oZgRlfZRFSp4BWPIIt7Gh61sQC1XrRU-3600-0"}; Rajput hypergamy seems to have provided an important mechanism for integration of the lower caste and tribal population into the Hindu society over the entire length and breadth of northern, western, central and even eastern India. I would suggest that this feature of urban caste, along with the well known general tendency of urban culture to encourage innovation, provided the groundhowever diffuse that ground might have beenfor a favourable response to the anti-hierarchical ideas coming from the West. The small town sections therefore separated themselves from the respective large town sections and formed a new ekda. But the hypergamous tendency was so powerful that each such endogamous unit could not be perfectly endogamous even at the height of its integration. However, on the basis of the meagre information I have, I am able to make a few points. That Rajputs were one of the divisions, if not the only division of the first-order, not having further divisions, has already been mentioned. Also, the horizontal spread of a caste rarely coincided with the territorial boundaries of a political authority. The most important of them was the Koli division, which was, the largest division and mainly included small landholders, tenants and labourers. The lowest stratum in all the three divisions had to face the problem of scarcity of brides.

Current Famous Prisoners, Littler Mendelson Vault, Articles M

manvar surname caste in gujarat

manvar surname caste in gujarat