colchis golden fleece

Earlier writers speak of the "Kolchian" () people and their mythical king Aetes (), as well as his eponymous city Aea or Aia (),[49][50][51] but don't make explicit references to a Kolchis nation or region. Athamas later fell in love with another woman, Ino, and . children. The story takes place in the era before the Trojan War, when Hercules and Theseus were alive and active in ancient Greece. In the myth of the Argonauts, Jason was told to retrieve the Golden Fleece from Colchis by the king of Iolcus, Pelias, who had usurped the throne from his brother Aeson, who was Jason's father. This fleece had been a gift from Zeus to Phrixus and Helle so they would not have to be sacrificed. And his father knew him even without the sight of the ruby ring . advertised and rates are high relative to comparable Western facilities. Colchis was located at the far eastern end of the Euxine (Black) Sea. uninterrupted occupation have been identified. n. Greek Mythology The fleece of the golden ram, stolen by Jason and the Argonauts from the king of Colchis. Jason with the Golden Fleece . In the historical account, the hero Jason and his crew of Argonauts set out on a quest for the fleece by order of King Pelias in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly. Phrixus gave the golden fleece of the ram as a gift to the king, grateful for his hospitality. Aralk 2000, Cilt LXIV - Say 241. Jason wasn't always in association with a mighty group of heroes, but he was always the son of a . He must yoke fire-breathing bulls, plough and sow a field with . usually cool. Poseidon carried Theophane to an island . intermittently available. Little is known of the rulers of Colchis; In Classical Greek mythology, Colchis was the home of Aetes, Medea, the Golden Fleece, fire-breathing bulls Khalkotauroi[76][77] and the destination of the Argonauts. may need as these are not available. Arrian listed the following peoples in his Periplus of the Euxine Sea written in 130-131 (from south to north): Sanni, Machelones, Heniochi, Zudreitae, Lazi, Apsilae, Abasgoi, Sanigs and Zilchi. The cost of the field school program, accommodations, food, guided tours and The wetlands were a home for waterfowl, while Colchian pheasants were exported to Rome and became a symbol of excess condemned by Roman moralists. Later, he took Inoas his second wife, who hated her stepchildren and plotted to kill them. unforgettable tradition of hospitality. King Aetes is immediately Not A Fan of Jason, suspecting that the young hero is here to steal his throne. Georgia should start in the capital of Tbilisi where it is more likely that you will be Acquaint yourself with the history and geography of Georgia before you leave home. Archaeological Similarly, local wines were produced and some wines were brought from overseas. fascinating and adventurous experience. Those participating in the archaeological excavation should bring comfortable clothing [71], Second century BC Greek bronze torso from Colchis, Georgian National Museum, Colchian pendants, riders and horses on wheeled platforms, Georgian National Museum, Mithridates VI quelled an uprising in the region in 83BC and gave Colchis to his son Mithridates, who, soon being suspected in having plotted against his father, was executed. If possible, bring gifts for your new friends. Ancient Greek legends told of a fabulously wealthy land where Jason and the Argonauts stole the Golden Fleece from King Aeetes with the help of his daughter Medea. One has not truly visited Georgia until one sits This As for the golden fleece, it represented the gold of Colchis. Website, 25 Oct. 2015, COLCHIS, THE LAND OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA. Vani Athamas the founder of Thessaly, but also king of the city of Orchomenus in Boeotia (a region of southeastern Greece), took the goddess Nephele as his first wife. refugees from surrounding areas of conflict. Visas are required of all foreign nationals. They discover black sand along the banks of a river, evidence of lodestone. You will also need a flashlight, plastic sandals (for the shower), a book for In: Le Today, archaeological excavations continue with the hope of understanding more of lnk += "great-"; Earlier in this century, remote mountain [26] Colchis likely had a diverse population. Getting There: Direct air connections to Tbilisi are available from Amsterdam, Athens, Berlin, Frankfurt, Istanbul, London, Moscow, Paris, Prague and Vienna. Century AD and the residence of the kings at that time. The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of the Republic of Georgia The fourth stage is the Late Hellenistic era from the mid 3rd to the mid 1st Century BC "The Northward Expansion of the Kingdom of Urartu and the Historical Geography of the Land of Qulha." The westward extent of the country is considered differently by different authors: Strabo makes Colchis begin at Trabzon, while Ptolemy, on the other hand, extends Pontus to the Rioni River. David the Builder who also founded the adjacent Gelati Academy, an important school of Jason lost his shoe in the river helping Hera. Unless you speak There are beguiling views of the the 7th Century BC. The chief towns were Dioscurias or Dioscuris (under the Romans called Sebastopolis, now Sukhumi) on the seaboard of the Euxine, Sarapana (now Shorapani), Phasis (now Poti), Pityus (now Pitsunda), Apsaros (now Gonio), Surium (now Vani), Archaeopolis (now Nokalakevi), Macheiresis, and Cyta or Cutatisium or Aia (now Kutaisi), the traditional birthplace of Medea. Buses are The story of the fleece is an . King AEetes welcomes the ram and Phrixus. Maps and guidebooks are outdated and/or Trivia. and shoes. Trying to get the Golden Fleece. Here in the sacred grove of the war god Ares, King Aetes hung the Golden Fleece until it was seized by Jason and the Argonauts. Uznadze Str. She then told her children not to look down while the ram was flying. and a vast array of funerary pieces. Excavations revealed a secret His wife would later on be the famous sorceress Medea, daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis - where the Golden Fleece resided. Changes in Phrixus did as the Goldren Ram said, and into the royal court of Aeetes, walked the son of Athamas. in Trabzon. There is a very limited tourist infrastructure in Georgia. The spirit of Prometheus was said to reside in the python. Aeetes placed the golden fleece in a garden which was guarded by a never sleeping dragon. and books in English and German. The ram and Phrixus eventually reached Colchis, where the boy was warmly welcomed by the king,Aeetes. Small hotels and private pensions exist but they are not well There Theophane's other suitors could not distinguish the ram-god and his consort.[3]. Website, October 25, 2015. "Golden Fleece". Jason was ordered to retrieve the Golden Fleece from Colchis. The panel, which has been cut down at the upper part and on the right side, depicts the Argos . Paying a nominal homage to Rome, they created their own kingdoms and enjoyed significant independence. It was possessed by Medea, the princess of Colchis, and she was made to blindly love Jason, who was sent to Colchis to retrieve it, by the goddess . their lives are very difficult. the fine gold particles in the rivers that flowed from the Caucasus Mountains. Lordkipanidz Otar, Mikladz Teimouraz. Athamas, the King of Thessaly married a cloud goddess called Nephele. Bremmer, J. N. (2007). Apple, the Apple logo, iPhone and iPad are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and All inquiries should be addressed to Darejan Kacharava, director of this program. The ram transports Phrixus and Helle across the Hellespont (see Nephele ) and . The Golden Fleece is the fleece of the golden-woolled, winged ram, Chrysomallos, which was held in Colchis. Golden Fleece as shown in the Sea of Monsters movie. Stanley Arthur Cook, Martin Percival Charlesworth, John Bagnell Bury, John Bernard Bury. masters. It was a covering for a cult image of Zeus in the form of a ram. "Okey-lee-dokey-lee," says King Aetes. Golden Fleece synonyms, Golden Fleece pronunciation, Golden Fleece translation, English dictionary definition of Golden Fleece. It survives in various forms, among which the details vary. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. villagers in Svaneti (a part of ancient Colchis) were observed using sheepskins to trap the same spot where Jason's Argo had run aground! their lives are very difficult. The site seems to have been dominated by a local aristocracy with a mountain and along the cliffs that border the Tekhuri River. Colchis can be justly regarded as not a proto-Georgian, but a Georgian (West Georgian) kingdom. GreekMythology.com over the adjoining areas which yielded no similar findings. [citation needed] sheep, Pindar employed the quest for the Golden Fleece in his Fourth Pythian Ode (written in 462 BC), though the fleece is not in the foreground. Accessed 03 October 2022. Its location is on a hill bordered by two ravines and Christianity began to spread in the early first century. Obtaining it would place Jason on the throne of Iolcus. It is in doubt if Herodotus had ever been to Colchis or Egypt. Please Instead, Greek, Anatolian, Iranian, and possibly Abkhaz names are present. All Rights Reserved. In Greek mythology, Colchis was the home of Medea and the destination of the Argonauts, a land of fabulous wealth and the domain of sorcery. The Golden Fleece : THEY brought Jason into a hall where son, his father, waited. The actual site of this legendary . to help you. to Georgians as Mervan the Deaf because he was so oblivious to their pleas for mercy in In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Greek: Chrysmallon Dras; Georgian: ) is the fleece of a golden-haired, winged ram located in Colchis. Near to Kutaisi, the Motsameta (Two Martyrs) Church nestles high on a cliff overlooking will meet you at the airport or the bus station, find lodgings to suit your budget, It is a remarkable story of New Argonauts who rowed from Greece to Georgia for The golden fleece is the fleece of a flying, winged ram named Crius Chrysomallos, or 'Golden-fleeced Ram', in Greek mythology. Not long after, Jason and the Argonauts finally land on the shore of Colchis, the land of the legendary Golden Fleece. understanding and perhaps the solutions to the many questions that remain unanswered Apollonius of Rhodes named Aea as the main city (Argonautica, passim). Moscow, Paris, Rome, Vienna and Washington DC. At the time, Aeetes was a hospitable king, and the king . [19][20][21][22][23][24][excessive citations], Colchis is known in Greek mythology as the destination of the Argonauts, as well as the home to Medea and the Golden Fleece. Georgia. The name of this ancient city is still unknown but four distinct stages of According to Greek and Roman sources, between 70 and 300 languages were spoken in Dioscourias (modern Sukhumi) alone. "[15][16][17][18], It has been described in modern scholarship as "the earliest Georgian formation", which, along with the Kingdom of Iberia, would later contribute significantly to the development of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Georgian nation. Clothing made of cloth dyed with Tyrian purple was a mark of great wealth and high station (hence the phrase "royal purple"). lnk += "@"; The Colchian Late Bronze Age (fifteenth to eighth century BC) saw the development of significant skill in the smelting and casting of metals. The Greeks in the Black Sea from the Bronze Age to the Early 20th Century Medea herself, the daughter of King Aetes, was priestess both of Prometheus and of the Bird-Headed Mother, Brimo, who was the form of the Goddess . unavailable. Nephele, their biological mother and a cloud goddess . They owned a Golden Fleece. https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Elements/Golden_Fleece/golden_fleece.html. On a hot, summer day, the river is too Zeus, the King of the Gods, had given a golden ram to Jason's ancestor Phrixus. In at least some parts of Colchis, the process of urbanization seems to have been well advanced by the end of the second millennium BC. Georgian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology Pelias recognised Jason. For MLA style citation use: GreekMythology.com, The Editors of Website. It is about a voyage from Greece, through the Mediterranean, across the Atlantic to the Americas. The Jason Voyage: The Quest for the Golden Fleece by Tim Severin, an Irish 1500 nautical miles in a reproduction 13th Century BC twenty-oar galley. whether or not the legendary 'wealth' of Colchis referred only to gold. There is also a Consulate in Trabzon, Turkey for those who want to cross the border at [68] In 400 BC, shortly after the Ten Thousand reached Trapezus, a battle was fought between them and the Colchis in which the latter were decisively defeated. In Greek mythology, Colchis was the country where King Aeetes kept the famed Golden Fleece which Jason and the Argonauts had to recover to put Jason back on the throne of Iolcos. The couple brought two children into . western bank of the Sulori River at its confluence with the Rioni River (River Phasis in Follow archaeologists as they search for evidence of Colchis and the Golden Fleece. The fleeces would be hung in trees to dry before the gold was shaken or combed out. Phrixus and Helle were siblings, and greatly hated by their stepmother, Ino, who plotted to murder them. On the fall of Pompey, Pharnaces II, son of Mithridates, took advantage of Julius Caesar being occupied in Egypt, and reduced Colchis, Armenia, and some part of Cappadocia, defeating Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, whom Caesar subsequently sent against him. It currently resides at Camp Half-Blood on Thalia's Pine Tree, to help strengthen the magical borders after the events of The Sea of Monsters. The Colchian plain provided ample grazing land for cattle and horses, with the name of Phasis associated with fine horses. transportation, and help you with your itinerary. The Golden Fleece, also known as the Golden Fleecing, is a mythical fleecing made of gold. of this legendary kingdom has never been found but the Greeks must have been greatly Wikimedia. . In essence, this act returned the ram to the god Poseidon, and the ram became the constellation Aries. are essential. The easiest way to visit Georgia is with a group sponsored by a local organization. Its population, the Colchians are generally thought to have been an early Kartvelian-speaking tribe ancestral to the contemporary western Georgians, namely Svans and Zans. The task is for Jason to retrieve the Golden Fleece, kept beyond the edge of the known world in a land called Colchis (modern-day Georgia in Southwest Asia). trip, locating information or getting around. and storage of wine. Bring a sweater and a light waterproof jacket with hood. The actual site areas. Despite the fact that all major fortresses along the sea coast were occupied by the Romans, their rule was relatively loose. Arrian mentions many others by name, but they would seem to have been little more than mountain torrents: the most important of them were Charieis, Chobus or Cobus, Singames, Tarsuras, Hippus, Astelephus, Chrysorrhoas, several of which are also noticed by Ptolemy and Pliny. Sources crites antiques et archologie. by Odyssey Publications. the Tskhaltsitela Gorge at a bend in the river. People of western Colchis (Svaneti) submerged ram's fleece in streams . regarding the legendary kingdom of King Aeetes as described in the stories of Jason and In 737-738, the city was destroyed by the Arab general, Mervan ibn-Muhammad, known city and the most ancient city in the Kingdom of Colchis. countries. (Annales littraires de l'Universit de Besanon, 427); According to some scholars, ancient tribes such as the Absilae (mentioned by Pliny, 1st century CE) and Abasgoi (mentioned by Arrian, 2nd century CE) correspond to the modern Abkhazians (Chirikba, V., "On the etymology of the ethnonym apswa 'Abkhaz'", in, "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, , , ", "Vegetational patterns and distribution of relict taxa in humid temperate forests and wetlands of Georgia (Transcaucasia)", "Late Bronze and Early Iron Age copper smelting technologies in the South Caucasus: the view from ancient Colchis c. 1500600BC", "Copper production landscapes of the South Caucasus", https://www.persee.fr/doc/ista_0000-0000_1990_act_427_1_1252, Grand Dictionnaire Encyclopdique Larousse, "Herodotus, the Histories, Book 2, chapter 104", http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D2, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colchis&oldid=1119317872. There are few businesses available to facilitate planning your M. Salvini, Geschichte und Kultur der Urarter (Darmstadt, 1995) 70f. Colchis's wealth and riches made it wealthy an important. The mythical tale of Jason and the Argonauts sees the eponymous Jason sent out on a quest by King Pelias to Colchis, where he was to retrieve the Golden Fleece. It represents the forgiveness of the Gods. other areas and coincides with the decline of Attic imports in the Black Sea trade. NARRATOR: A golden expedition - in northeastern Turkey, not far from the border with Georgia, two researchers are searching for evidence of antiquity's land of gold, Colchis. ( Public Domain ) Greek Legends Associated with Colchis . Your visit is temporary and Georgians do not need to be reminded that Besanon : Universit de Franche-Comt, 1990. pp. races of the world. However, it is debatable as to Yet it was not as popular among writers and artists as the stories of Odysseus, Heracles, and other heroes. The site of an ancient temple city, Vani is a city in the Colchis Lowlands located on the By the first century BC, the Lazica (or the Laz) kingdom was established in the region. 9782600002905 p.182. Adventures Great and Small copyright 1996-2007, Adventures Great and Small copyright 1996-2007. should be considered "roughing it." [b] The ram had been sired by Poseidon in his primitive ram-form upon Theophane, a nymph[c] and the granddaughter of Helios, the sun-god. It would seem natural to seek the beginnings of Georgian social history in Colchis, the earliest Georgian formation. https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Elements/Golden_Fleece/golden_fleece.html. location.href = lnk; [5], In some versions of the story, Jason attempts to put the guard serpent to sleep. Maps and guidebooks are outdated and/or They had two children, a boy named Phrixus and a girl named Helle. To obtain it, he organized an expedition with the Argonauts. Jason's helper in the Athenian vase-paintings is not Medea who had a history in Athens as the opponent of Theseusbut Athena. The present panel depicts the moment when Jason, accompanied by Medea, daughter of king Aetes, leaves Colchis, having captured the Golden Fleece that was guarded by a dragon and having survived a series of tests with Medea's invaluable help. 30-1-362-3098. After the death of Polemon (8BC), his second wife Pythodorida of Pontus retained possession of Colchis as well as of Pontus, although the kingdom of Bosporus was wrested from her power. The story of the Golden Fleece appeared to have little resonance for Athenians of the Classic age, for only two representations of it on Attic-painted wares of the fifth century have been identified: a krater at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and a kylix in the Vatican collections. There are few businesses available to facilitate planning your The Golden Fleece is the fleece of a golden winged ram. The meaning of the Golden Fleece was also understood by the geographer Strabo, a native of Pontus who had probably traveled to neighboring Colchis. Here, the boy had allowed the king of Colchis to slaughter the ram for its golden fleece. other The Golden Fleece in Greek mythology, is a magical artifact with powerful healing abilities. Vurthiem, V (1902), "De Argonautarum Vellere aureo", Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, "Colchis, The Land Of The Golden Fleece, Republic Of Georgia", The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_Fleece&oldid=1116062879. bronze adornments, pottery and luxury items befitting the status of the deceased indicate Other theorists saw in the Fleece a symbol of the broader wealth of Colchis, famed since antiquity for its precious metals. It signet rings and other glyptic items indicate an expansion of commercial activity with excavation techniques, hands-on excavation of fortress walls and temple structures from [70], Gocha R. Tsetskhladze explains that although Colchis and neighboring Iberia were once viewed as not having been under Achaemenid rule, "ever more evidence is emerging to show that they were, forming a lesser part of the Armenian satrapy". first stage, 8th to early 6th Century BC, are relatively few and badly damaged. The quest for the Golden Fleece features well-known heroes, exotic locations, and adventures on the sea. The Golden Fleece was originally the fleece of a Golden Ramrod, a creature so rare and magical that rather than making anything from it, its owners decided to hang the Fleece in a temple in Colchis. Then I will give him the golden fleece for a prize and a glory to you all." So saying, he turned his horses and drove back in silence to the town. The myth of the Argonauts' trip to the ancient kingdom of Colchis for gaining the "Golden Fleece" is one of the contentious issues of historical science. Rich burial sites with large quantities of golden jewelry, silver and Where the written sources fail, through accidents of history, sometimes the continuity of a mythic tradition can be found among the vase-painters. It was owned by King Aeetes of Colchis. Colchis was an ancient kingdom of the Caucasus located on the coast of the Black Sea in what is now the Republic of Georgia. Soutsou Str, Athens, Greece. They speak German and English and are able to provide you with an in-depth [64][65], Pausanias, a 1st-century BCE Greek geographer, citing the poet Eumelos, assigned Aetes, the mythological first king of Colchis, a Greek origin.[66]. the Argonauts! Accept the advice of Georgians relative to safe travel in their country. According to Hyginus,[2] Poseidon carried Theophane to an island where he made her into a ewe so that he could have his way with her among the flocks. Over 50 gather, including the singer Orpheus , the heroes Herakles and Idas, the prophet Idmon, and the brothers Telamon and Peleus . Be sure to bring all the personal toiletries and prescription drugs that you The classic telling is the Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes, composed in the mid-third century BC Alexandria, recasting early sources that have not survived. Athamas, a founder of Halos and king of Orchomenus, married the goddess of hospitality, Nephele. Many former hotels are filled with Georgian able to find someone who can help you to make the necessary arrangements for visiting the [j] Judging by the very early gold objects from a range of cultures, washing for gold is a very old human activity. I myself guessed it, partly because they are dark-skinned and woolly-haired; though that indeed counts for nothing, since other peoples are, too; but my better proof was that the Colchians and Egyptians and Ethiopians are the only nations that have from the first practised circumcision. On the way, Helle falls into the Hellespont (that name tho). local events. What does the Golden Fleece symbolize? [25] It was also described as a land rich with gold, iron, timber and honey that would export its resources mostly to ancient Hellenic city-states. [citation needed], The earliest attestations of the name of Colchis can be found in the 8th century Greek poet Eumelus of Corinth as ""[57] and earlier, in Urartian records as "Qula" mentioned by the Urartian kings, who conquered it in 744 or 743 BC.[8]. When it occurred to me, I inquired of both peoples; and the Colchians remembered the Egyptians better than the Egyptians remembered the Colchians; the Egyptians said that they considered the Colchians part of Sesostris' army. Colchis was a region in the Southern Caucasus that appeared in the story of Jason and the Golden Fleece, in Greek mythology.It was on the area where modern-day Georgia is now located. Tel: 995-32-227162 The main river was known as the Phasis (now Rioni) and was, according to some writers the southern boundary of Colchis, but more probably flowed through the middle of that country from the Caucasus west into the Euxine, and the Anticites or Atticitus (now Kuban). Herodotus regarded the Colchians as "dark-skinned and woolly-haired", an Ancient Egyptian race. Gocha R. Tsetskhladze. are currently located in the following cities: Ankara, Athens, Bonn, Brussels, London, Sheep fleeces, sometimes stretched over a wooden frame, would be submerged in the stream, and gold flecks borne down from upstream placer deposits would collect in them. In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Greek: , Chrysmallo dras) is the fleece of the golden-woolled, winged ram, Chrysomallos, which was held in Colchis. Levan Gordzeiani. will promote a better understanding of Georgians who claim to belong to one of the oldest Aeetes promised to give it to . Dima is a classical archaeologist and Nino's grandfather was a renowned Georgian If you have the space, favorite snacks There Phrixus sacrificed the ram to the gods, giving the Golden Fleece to Aetes, the King of Colchis. of the promontory that lead down to the river. [27], According to Rayfield, the first mention of Colchis is during the reign of the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (12451209 BC) when he mentions "40 kings by the Upper[Black] Sea". Georgian history and the influences of Ancient Greek colonization of the Black Sea area. Northwest of Vani is the village of Nokalakevi, known to the Greeks of the 6th Century are In spite of the many challenges involved, a visit to Georgia is an Lazica became known as Elgrisi in 66 BC when Elgrisi became a vassal of the Roman Empire after the Caucasian campaign of Pompey.[75]. Jason . is a coat of Golden FleeceWP from the winged ram Chrysomallos, given to King AetesWP of ColchisWP by PhrixusWP as a token of his gratitude. It is likely that the Golden Fleece existed. It represents a technique of writing in gold on parchment. refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Fortunately, Jason still had the support of the goddess Hera. The second stage, early 6th to mid 4th Century BC, reveals many changes. A more widespread interpretation relates the myth of the fleece to a method of washing gold from streams, which was well attested (but only from c. 5th century BC) in the region of Georgia to the east of the Black Sea. Appian (Roman historian born ca. a personal guide who will act as a translator, make arrangements for lodging, food and isolated splendor on a mountain across the river. They Golden Fleece definition: the fleece of a winged ram that rescued Phrixus and brought him to Colchis , where he. THE STORY OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE Study Guide Characters tes - king of Colchis son - father of Jason Cretheus - Jason's grandfather Chiron- centaur who teachers Jason Pelius - Jason's uncle who usurped the throne Iphias - female prophet Alcimide - Jason's mother Nephele - wife of Athamas Athamas - father of Phrixus and Helle Ino - second wife of Athamas, becomes a seagull Nereus . This savior was sent by the spirit of his mother, Nephele. Artifacts (mainly Colchian pottery) of the transportation is US$300 per week per person for a minimum stay of 14 days. function sendmail (name) {

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colchis golden fleece

colchis golden fleece