cloud terms meteorology

Instability caused by dry air advecting over warm and humid PBL air. KELVIN- A ratio temperature scale using 0 as the theoretical coldest temperature. WRCC- Western Regional Climate Center, Reno, NV. Murus and cauda are a wall cloud and tail cloud, respectively. Usually in reference to a low pressure intensifying. THUNDER-The sound wave produced as a lightning stroke heats the air causing it to rapidly expand. HUMIDITY-The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. In this method of classification there are four major types: layer clouds formed by the widespread regular ascent of air; layer clouds produced by widespread irregular stirring or turbulence; cumuliform clouds resulting from penetrative convection; and orographic clouds generated by the ascent of air over hills or mountains. Clouds are formed when relatively moist air rises. DEWPOINT- The temperature to which the air must be cooled for water vapor to condense. WIND SHEAR-The change of wind speed or direction with distance or height. Now back to clouds. A ________________ cloud is a LOW-BASED, DARK GRAY, PRECIPITATING cloud that typically produces steady precipitation over large areas. VISIBILITY- The horizontal distance an observer can see and identify a prominent object. Thesystem now used for classifying clouds is based on that originally proposed by pharmacist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard. Cumulus cloud - a cauliflower-shaped cloud with a flat base and sharp edges. Mid-latitude cyclones are cold core lows. Weathercloud makes managing your device not only easy, but also fun. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Medicine and meteorology: Cloud, connectivity, and care. Sorry, the location you searched for was not found. MILLIBAR- A unit of atmospheric pressure. Are clouds made up of water? On a weather forecast chart, high values of omega (or a strong omega field) relate to upward vertical motion in the atmosphere. High Clouds: Cirrus. NEGATIVE TILTED TROUGH- A trough which tilts from the northwest toward the southeast. Why It Matters For Pilots. Intermittent: Precipitation that does not exceed one hour per spell. CAA- Cold Air Advection. Please select one of the following: Regional/National Standard Radar (low bandwidth), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Start studying Meteorology Cloud Types 2. Dams may erode and empty relatively slowly. COUNTY WARNING AREA (CWA)- The area of responsibility that each National Weather Service office has for its warnings and forecasts. Forming in the area of a thunderstorm updraft, or inflow area, it exhibits rapid upward movement and cyclonic rotation. MCS- Mesoscale Convective System. Spell. River Flood- a flood on a large river such as the Connecticut takes a tremendous amount of rain and usually develops over a period of one to two days. browser search engine at "cloud classification", "cloud identification", "cloud types", or "Interna-tional Cloud Atlas". WATCH- identifies a relatively large area in which hazardous or severe weather might occur. OPEN WAVE- A wave of low pressure that does not have a complete circulation around it; also called a short wave trough. STATIONARY FRONT- A transition zone between airmasses, with neither advancing upon the other. Blowing snow- Wind-driven snow that causes reduced visibility and sometimes significant drifting. Low clouds, 2 to 0 km (6,500 to 0 feet), are stratocumulus, stratus, and nimbostratus. JET STREAM- Strong winds concentrated within a narrow band in the atmosphere. Precipitation in significant amounts generally falls only from nimbostratus and cumulonimbus clouds. Large masses have higher values of gravitational accelerations than lighter masses. AWIPS- Advanced Weather Information Processing System. CONDENSATION- The process of gas changing to liquid. A region of low atmospheric pressure that is usually accompanied by low clouds and precipitation. In the Northern Hemisphere winds are deflected to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere to the left. OFFSHORE WATERS- Ocean waters from 60 nm to 250 nm. BLOWING SNOW- Wind-driven snow which reduces surface visibility. Bankfull- the maximum height of the river before it overflows its banks. Test. Also known as an onshore breeze. AMPLIFICATION: (AMPLFCTN)- Building, or sharpening, of an upper level high pressure ridge or low pressure trough. Flood Stage- the height of the river at which property damage begins to occur. Also known as an anticyclone. TEMPERATURE- a measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or substance with reference to a standard value. ATS 655: Objective Analysis With long-lasting thunderstorms, the anvil may spread more than 100 miles downwind. The process by which water vapor changes into water droplets and clouds. New NWS computer system integrating graphics, satellite and radar imagery. As the cloud and cloud droplets grow in size, the base will begin to gray. Also the term used for a hurricane in the Indian Ocean and in the Western Pacific Ocean. Note: Negative Q-vector divergence is the same mathematically as Q-vector convergence, so the statement "negative divq" means Q-vector convergence. It may be modified by terms such as "light," "intermittent," or "occasional" to indicate lesser intensity or periodic snow. LA NINA- The opposite of El Nino, when a major cooling occurs in the equatorial waters in the Pacific Ocean which is characterized by shifts in "normal" weather patterns. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Structural wind damage may imply the occurrence of a severe thunderstorm. Cumulus cloud- a cauliflower-shaped cloud with a flat base and sharp edges. It can be light, moderate or heavy. SWELLS- Ocean waves of regular and longer duration than wind waves. Updates? BROKEN CLOUDS- Clouds which cover between 6/10 and 9/10 of the sky. ALBEDO-The percentage of light reflected by an object. The mixing depth will increase with solar warming of the surface and increased low level wind speed. The top 4 are: climatology, atmospheric, weather and climate. CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI . Even in the tropics, much of the precipitation begins as snow in the clouds high above the surface, then generally melts as it falls into warmer temperatures near the surface . BOW ECHO -An accelerated portion of a squall line of thunderstorms, taking on a radar indicated bow configuration, created by strong downburst winds. CLD. LIGHTNINGAn electrical discharge from a thunderstorm. Glossary of terms for clouds. FAA- the Federal Aviation Administration. SOUTHERN OSCILLATION- A periodic reversal of the pressure pattern across the tropical Pacific Ocean during El Nino events. Wind chill(Wind chill index) - an apparent temperatures which takes into account the combined effect of lowering temperatures and the rate of heat loss from a human body, caused by the wind. A meteorological term used in the 1956 and 1975 editions of the International Cloud Atlas (ICA) to define the range of levels within which clouds of certain genera occur more frequently. (Expressed as a percentage). Clouds are formed when relatively moist air rises. THERMAL RIDGEorTHERMAL TROUGH- A ridge of warmer temperatures or a trough of colder temperature. OUTFLOW- Air that flows outward from a thunderstorm. Backing winds with height are indicative of cold air advection (CAA). Cloud. Clouds may also be classified according to the air motions that produce them. 2020 Apr 25;395(10233):1334. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30813-8. Researchers Identify 12 Hazardous Chemicals Pumping Through California's Natural Gas Lines. HARD FREEZE- freeze where vegetation is killed and the ground surface is frozen solid. Questions? PRECIPITATION(PCPN)-Liquid or solid water molecules that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground. WARM FRONT- A boundary between a warm airmass that is replacing a cooler airmass. GALE- Wind speeds from 39 to 54 mph (34 to 47 knots). Read on! Cloud Vocabulary and Mnemonics: The 5 Basic Cloud Terms, and the ways I remember them. Often lee troughs become organized into mature cyclones as they develop eastward. CIRROSTRATUS- Cirrus clouds with a flat sheetlike appearance. MICROWAVE RADIATION- electromagnetic radiation which comprises the highest frequency radio energy. Blizzard- strong winds (greater than 35 mph) and heavy snow or blowing snow combine to produce very poor visibility. ADVISORY-Issued for weather situations that cause significant inconveniences but do not meet warning criteria and, if caution is not exercised,couldlead to life-threatening situations. NOAA- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Also known as a cyclone. This process rapidly gives rise to droplets on the order of 0.01 mm (0.0004 inch) in diameter. MACROBURST- Large downbursts with 2.5 miles or larger outflow diameter and damaging winds lasting 5 to 20 minutes. TROPICAL DEPRESSION- Tropical mass of thunderstorms with a cyclonic wind circulation and winds between 20 and 34 knots. The list of cloud types groups all genera as high (cirro-, cirrus), middle (alto-), multi-level (nimbo-, cumulo-, cumulus), and low (strato-, stratus). Closed lows that become cut off from the main flow pattern are called cut-off lows. SQUALL LINE- A line of thunderstorms or squalls extending over several hundred miles. DEBRIS CLOUD Shelf cloud- a low-level, wedge-shaped cloud attached to the thunderstorm. Flanking line- A line of cumulus clouds connected to and extending outward from the most active portion of a parent cumulonimbus, usually found on the southwest (right, rear) side of a storm. Start studying Meteorology - Cloud Classification. HAIL- Precipitation of small balls or other pieces of ice (hailstones) falling separately or frozen together in irregular lumps. Suggest. Main sensor on U.S. polar orbiting satellites. The updraft is the hollow portion of the hook (looks like a backwards "J" or a 6) and is where the tornado would most likely be found (if the storm were to produce one). It can also include moving data from one cloud environment to another. As a mass of air ascends, the lower pressures prevailing at higher levels allow it to expand. Clouds alter temperatures by both absorbing and scattering incoming solar radiation and by emitting infrared radiation. However, often the sky can have different genera of clouds adjacent to, or stacked above, each other. CLOSED LOW(CUT OFF LOW) -A low pressure center having a closed circulation, which is used in reference to systems in the upper levels of the atmosphere. ISALLOBAR- A line of equal surface pressure change. All NOAA. CONDENSATION PRESSURE DEFICIT (COND PRES DEF)- On an isentropic chart (a layer of constant potential temperature), condensation pressure deficit represents the amount of lift, expressed in millibars, needed to saturate an air parcel. (2) The height of the water level at the headworks, or an upstream point, of a waterway, and the water surface at a given point downstream. User-friendly. Always with you. ANEMOMETER- An instrument that measures wind speed. You can also use web search engines to find images of any named cloud. A cloud at the surface is called a fog. SNOW ADVISORY- An advisory issued when snow is expected to create hazardous or restricted travel conditions, but not as severe as expected with a winter storm. DAMBREAK FLOODING- Dambreaks present a unique flood warning problem. MONSOON- A persistent seasonal wind, often responsible for seasonal precipitation regime. For example, during the Gulf War in 1991-92, the military endured searing desert heat by day. HORIZONTAL VORTICITY-A rotation of air caused by vertical speed or directional wind shear. Wall clouds are a lowering, rotating cloud. Scale is from F0 for weakest to F5 for strongest tornadoes. BEAUFORT SCALE- a scale that indicates the wind speed using the effect wind has on certain familiar objects. STABLE AIR- air with little or no tendency to rise, that is usually accompanied by clear dry weather. Please try another search. THERMODYNAMICS- In reference to the (in)stability of the atmosphere. Luke Howard was born in London on 28 November 1772, the first child of successful businessman Robert Howard and his wife, Elizabeth. GOESGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. Helicity is only an index to determining thunderstorm rotation potential. It may also include larger particles of liquid water or ice as well as non-aqueous or solid particles such as those present in fumes, smoke or dust. Test your cloud identification skills usingour. The site editor may also be contacted with questions or comments about this Open Educational Resource. RELATIVE HUMIDITY(RH)- The amount of water vapor in the air, compared to the amount the air could hold if it was totally saturated. COLD FRONT- The boundary between a cold air mass that is advancing and a relatively warmer airmass. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. For example, 15 - 20 minute precipitation spells every 40 - 60 minutes. Sometimes they are also full of frozen ice crystals. A special tone allows certain receivers to alarm when watches or warnings are issued. BAROTROPIC- Homogeneous atmosphere in which there are neither fronts nor any thermal advections. Inverted trough look like ridges but there is lower pressure at their centers of curvature. Q-VECTORS (QVEC, DIVQ)- A mathematical entity (Q-vectors do not exist in the atmosphere) that allows forecasters to better identify areas of vertical motion. RUC- Rapid Update Cycle model generated every 3 hours. TYPHOON- A hurricane that forms in the Western Pacific Ocean. Below is a massive list of meteorology words - that is, words related to meteorology. This radiative synergy between the ground and water vapor keeps the ground and the overlying air warmer at night, resulting in elevated nighttime temperatures. It is most often accompanied by rain. Clouds formed by upslope winds are generally stratiform, those formed by mountain wave updrafts are often lenticularis -type or wave clouds, and those formed by heating, such as elevated heat source or leeside convergence effects, are generally cumuliform. DRIFTING SNOW- An uneven distribution of snowfall/snow depth caused by strong surface winds, but does not reduce surface visibility. AVALANCHE- a large mass of rapidly moving snow down a steep mountain slope. Accumulations may be significant. Occasional: Precipitation that occurs infrequently, over an extended period of time and is usually intermittent in nature. Implies an area of rising motion. Temperatures during the day frequently reach 90 degrees or more in warm, moist . His real interest was, though, in meteorology, and he made several significant contributions to the subject besides his cloud classification. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. ALERT- Automated Local Event Reporting in Real Time. a low ceiling) over their destination airport. On a local scale, it is the most destructive of all atmospheric phenomena. Snow flurries- light snow falling for short durations. No accumulation to a light dusting (or trace) is expected. EXTRAPOLATE- Determining the value of a meteorological value beyond the bounds of a data sample. Dry air entrainment into the mid levels of a thunderstorm can enhance the potential for damaging wind gusts. Towering cumulus cloud- a cumulus cloud that continues to grow so that its height is taller than or equal to its width. Designation of NWS operational offices after modernization. The updraft fuels the storm. It's a good chance to review some concepts you've already learned, and tie things together. TROPICAL STORM- An organized cyclone in the tropics with wind speed between 35 and 64 knots. The John A. Dutton e-Education Institute is the learning design unit of the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University. ARCTIC AIR- a mass of very cold, dry air that usually originates over the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and Alaska. Sleet- ice pellets or granules of frozen rain. Cumulus streets are aligned parallel to, or within a few degrees of, the direction of the wind in the convective layer. 11 terms. EL NINO-A major warming of the equatorial waters in the Pacific Ocean. Roll cloud- on rare occasions, a shelf cloud may turn into a roll cloud. CLIMATE- The historical record of average daily and seasonal weather events. The ABI can show more detailed changes in cloud-top features, helping scientists assess the . TROPOSPHERE- The lowest layer of the atmosphere where the temperature decreases with height. AVHRR- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Enjoy! El Nino events usually occur every 3 to 7 years, and are characterized by shifts in "normal" weather patterns. Modern weather forecasting is a $7 billion a year industryand for good reason. FOG- Water droplets which are suspended in the air near the Earth's surface and causing reduced visibilities. MARINE PUSH- A regional phenomena where the heat low shifts east across the Pacific Northwest, along an onshore flow of cool, marine air to spill over the Cascades. Why do the largest diurnal temperature ranges occur in desert regions? RIDGE- An elongated area of high pressure in the atmosphere. DIVQ- Diverging Q vectors. By the untrained, these can be misinterpreted as tornadoes, since they can hang low to the ground. Clouds in meteorology can be classified in two ways. The "omega equation" used in numerical weather models is composed of two terms, the "differential vorticity advection" term and the "thickness advection" term. ISOPLETH- A line of a constant meteorological value. It poses an inordinately high threat to life and property. Downburst- A sudden rush of cool air toward ground that can impact with speeds greater than 70 mph and produce damage similar to that of a tornado. Deformation zones (or axis of deformation as they are sometimes referred to) can produce clouds and precipitation. Cloud Abbreviation in Meteorology 4. CUMULUS CLOUD(CU)- A cloud in the shape of individual detached domes, with a flat base and a bulging upper portion resembling cauliflower. The condensation lets us see the water vapor. They are features of cumulonimbus clouds, which are associated with thunderstorms. BLOCKING PATTERN- A situation in which the upper tropospheric flow becomes highly meridional and stagnant. Updraft- Warm, moist, rising air. The "omega equation" used in numerical weather models is composed of two terms, the "differential vorticity advection" term and the "thickness advection" term. The cloud line has roughly a stair-step appearance with the taller clouds adjacent to the parent cumulonimbus. CAP- Temperature inversion which prevents convection from occurring. BLACKBODY- A mass which absorbs and emits all wavelengths of radiation. HALOS- Rings or arcs that seem to encircle the sun or moon. There no longer is a temperature criterion for a blizzard. Stratus clouds may produce drizzle, whereas the cumulus type sometimes yields showers. Federal Aviation Administration; KAAL-TV; KARE 11; KEYC-TV; . SNOW- Unless qualified by such words as " occasional" or " intermittent" , a prediction of snow indicates a steady fall of a few hours or more. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/cloud-meteorology, cloud - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), cloud - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). GROWING SEASON- the period of time between the last killing frost of spring and the first killing frost of autumn. The lowest level of the atmosphere where friction is an important force and vertical mixing is common. INFLOW- Wind speed, in knots, of the average PBL windspeed. 3.Middle clouds are found between low and high clouds. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE- the composite picture of the interchange of water substance between the earth, the atmosphere and the seas which includes the change of state and vertical and horizontal transport. Drifting snow- winds are strong enough to blow falling snow or loose snow on the ground into mounds causing uneven snow depths. Also known as atmospheric pressure. Frost develops under conditions similar to dew, except the temperatures are colder. Mountain clouds produced by orographic lifting of moist air to saturation. Always includes cloud height or vertical visibility, sky cover, visibility, obstructions to vision, certain atmospheric phenomena, and wind speed and direction. POSITIVE ISOTHERMAL VORTICITY ADVECTION (PIVA)- Advection of higher values of vorticity by the thermal wind on a map of vorticity and thickness contours. Drizzle appears to float while following air currents; however unlike fog droplets, it falls to the ground. Issuance is normally site specific. Clouds form in the free atmosphere as a result of condensation of water vapor in rising currents of air, or by the evaporation of the lowest stratum of fog. DEFORMATION ZONE (DFRMTN ZN)- An area in the atmosphere where winds converge along one axis and diverge along another. WALL CLOUD-An isolated lowering of a cloud that is attached to the rain-free base of a thunderstorm, generally to the rear of the visible precipitation area. I should point out that some other factors contributed to the small diurnal temperature range on July 6, 2017 at Penn State, but clouds were a major one. He published The Climate of London (first edition 1818, second edition 1830), Seven lectures on meteorology (1837), A cycle of eighteen years in the seasons of Britain (1842) and Barometrographia (1847). Flash floods can also be caused by ice jams. RFC- River Forecast Center. orographic disturbances. Also known as an offshore breeze. HIGH WINDS- Winds of 40 mph or greater lasting for an hour or more , and/or gusts to 58 mph or greater. It relates to a ridge or trough moving from east to west. This gives forecasters an indication of an environment that is favorable for supporting the development of thunderstorms with rotating updrafts, a precursor to supercell thunderstorms (the most violent of severe storms) and tornado development. Scud clouds- Low cloud fragments often seen in association with and behind thunderstorm gust fronts. As the air rises, it condenses into a visible cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud. CELSIUS- a temperature scale in which zero is the freezing point of water and one hundred is the boiling point. St. In December 1802, in his paper "On the modification of clouds" ('modification' meaning 'classification'). Spokane, WA2601 N Rambo Rd.Spokane, WA 99224509-244-0110Comments? HEAT INDEX- The HI is the temperature the body feels when the heat and humidity are combined. Newest results Weather line icons set. 6.4.1. This marks the updraft of a thunderstorm. FIRE UP- A favorite phrase of forecasters. Some accumulation is possible. A debris cloudappearing beneath a thunderstormwill confirm the presence of a tornado, even in the absence of a condensation funnel. What about if we have precipitation? ZONAL WIND- the wind or wind componant along the local parallel of latitude. Two common blocking patterns are the omaga block and the rex block. It usually occurs near the leading edge of the storm or may occur in heavy rain. 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cloud terms meteorology

cloud terms meteorology