reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. 3. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. /Filter /DCTDecode /Height 235 By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria | LearnAllinfo Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? It is our pleasure. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. All rights reserved. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. /Subtype /Image Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. /F3 12 0 R The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. /Filter /FlateDecode 4 Topics . ff>qsfN? Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. /BitsPerComponent 8 Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. /F2 9 0 R At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism Unity of the country: 3.3 3. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. welcome, and thanks for reading us. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. /F4 15 0 R . 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. stream It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger %PDF-1.5 Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. >> PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Federalism in Nigeria. /Length 3884 Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Required fields are marked *. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. Your email address will not be published. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Resource control: 3.7 7. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. endobj The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. He rejects the assertion that Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. /F1 6 0 R w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. 7. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. ! The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs.

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reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf