precocious puberty causes obesity

2022 Jul 22;13:915490. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915490. Accessed March 7, 2019. Instead, the cause is release of estrogen or testosterone into the body because of problems with the ovaries, testicles, adrenal glands or pituitary gland. For girls, puberty can begin as early as eight years old, with most instances of early puberty linked to childhood obesity. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is a common cause of delayed puberty; however, functional or persistent hypogonadism should be excluded. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Still, she added, many girls who develop early are not overweight. 25.98% and 38.58% of boys with precocious puberty were respectively accompanied by obesity (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.31 to 3.50) or central obesity (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.46 to 3.03); meanwhile, 13.86% and 29.42% of girls with precocious puberty were respectively accompanied by obesity (OR=9.00, 95% CI=5.60 to 14.46) or central obesity (OR=5.40, 95% CI=4.10 to 7.12). -, Rubin C, Maisonet M, Kieszak S, et al. Methods: Our retrospective, case-control study recruited 846 children diagnosed as having CPP and randomly . Best Pract. Endocrinol. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Patient information: See related handout on early and delayed puberty. The median ages of breast, pubic hair and testicle development decreased with BMI increase and median ages of thelarche and testicular development rather than pubarche were earlier in children with central obesity. Abnormal pubertal timing can adversely affect a child's physical and psychosocial well-being and may be caused by a range of generally benign or pathologic etiologies. Only children and caregivers who agreed to participate in the study were included as subjects. Family environmental factors as well as parents interest and support are very important if children with precocious puberty are to grow into healthy adults, and various interventions concerning social emotional stability and lifestyle management should be maintained. Adequate and balanced nutrition of our children affects their quality of life. The search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2019. No one knows what risk factor or more likely, what combination of factors is driving the age decline or why there are stark race- and sex-based differences. In girls with initial pubertal changes, absence of menarche by 15 years of age is also concerning. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Hormone levels will remain the same . Make a donation. The definition of precocious puberty and the role of obesity in the age of onset have also been areas of debate since the Lawson Wilkins Society recommended a lowering of the age of onset of precocious puberty in US girls. c There existed significant differences between the overweight and obesity groups. Girls without breast development by 13 years of age should be evaluated for delayed puberty, and girls without menarche by 15 years of age should be evaluated for primary amenorrhea. That did not go over too well, he recalled. Background: Obesity is an important underlying cause of central precocious puberty (CPP), but previous large studies are flawed by using just age and breast examination to diagnose CPP. The scores for each factor were significantly lower in the obese group than in the normal and overweight groups. In a 2009 study of nearly 1,000 school-aged girls in Copenhagen, his team found that the average age of breast development had dropped by a year since his earlier study, to a little under 10, with most girls ranging from 7 to 12 years old. Height was measured at the outpatient department by a single skilled staff member using a portable height measuring bar with the patient wearing light clothing. Thus, family history should include pubertal timing, especially the mother's age of menarche and father's age of reaching adult height.7,9. Pearson et al. The cause of precocious puberty often can't be found. Onset of breast and pubic hair development and menses in urban Chinese girls. The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the World Medical Associations Declaration of Helsinki. Phthalates belong to a broader class of chemicals called endocrine disrupters, which can affect the behavior of hormones and have become ubiquitous in the environment over the past several decades. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. 17 620 Chinese children aged 6-12 years. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Those five factors are then further divided into questions on datary intake and behavior: balance (5 questions: intake frequency of whole grains, fruits, white milk, eggs, and legumes); diversity (3 questions: intake frequency of colorful vegetables, kimchi, and diverse side dishes); moderation (5 questions: intake frequency of fast foods, sweet foods, instant noodles, eating at night, and street foods), regularity (3 questions: meal regularity, eating breakfast, and exercise); practice (3 questions: hand washing, chewing well, and checking nutrition labels) [18]. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital (IRB number 2017-07-004). We aimed to determine whether overweight and obesity in childhood increases hormonally diagnosed CPP. -. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying kisspeptin activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons at puberty. The high obesity rate among very young children is worrisome for many reasons, and one is that obesity causes children to go through puberty earlier. EPIDEMIOLOGY; Obesity; PAEDIATRICS; Puberty. In both girls and boys, the following may lead to peripheral precocious puberty: In girls, peripheral precocious puberty may also be associated with: In boys, peripheral precocious puberty may also be caused by: Factors that increase a child's risk of precocious puberty include: Possible complications of precocious puberty include: Some of the risk factors for precocious puberty, such as sex and race, can't be avoided. " Idiopathic" precocious puberty is the commonest cause of GDPP; . A study published in Italy in February showed that 328 girls were referred to five clinics across the country during a seven month period in 2020, compared with 140 during the same period in 2019. Research trends on children with precocious puberty and their families in Korea. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. Is it serious? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010;324:4550.10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.026 All subjects were classified according to their BMI percentile as follows: 135 of the 193 subjects were included in the normal-weight group (69.9%), 31 in the overweight group (16.1%), and 27 subjects were included in the obese group (14.0%). Conditions causing hypergonadotropic hypogonadism can be congenital or acquired and are collectively more common in girls (26%) than in boys (7%) with delayed puberty.7,39. However,. Initial workup should include measurements of serum FSH, LH, testosterone in boys or estradiol in girls, and bone age radiography (eTable B, Figure 27,8,25,44,45). Objectives: Make an appointment with your child's doctor for an evaluation if your child has any of the signs or symptoms of precocious puberty. 2022 Aug 15;19(9):1442-1450. doi: 10.7150/ijms.74335. Children with precocious puberty reportedly experience emotional confusion due to the mismatch between their mental and physical development and the associated social problems such as exposure to adolescent sexual violence, premature pregnancy, and deviant behavior [5]. FOIA Precocious puberty is thought to be the result of a complex interaction between genetic, environmental and physical factors. The reference lists of included reviews were searched for additional studies of interest. Blood test results, performed at diagnosis, reviewed by a retrospective survey of medical records included aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), glucose, and total cholesterol for the screening of the comorbidities. Obesity in girls causes precocious puberty by Adelita about a year ago 4.3k Views Share With the intention to spend the adolescence interval, which is taken into account because the transition interval from childhood to maturity, in a wholesome manner, Youngster Well being and Ailments Specialist Dr. Kang M.H., Lee J.S., Kim H.Y., Kwon S., Choi Y.S., Chung H.R., Kwak T.K., Cho Y.H. . Clinical Overview: Precocious puberty. Obesity seems to be playing a role, but it cannot fully explain the change. p-Values were obtained from logistic regression. bucks county playhouse thanatophoric dysplasia causes smiths crisps uk contact why is food security important for sustainability? eCollection 2022. Although it is difficult to tease apart cause and effect, earlier puberty may have harmful impacts, especially for girls. Furthermore, . All Rights Reserved. Central precocious puberty (CPP) causes puberty in girls younger than age 8 and boys younger than age 9. It may be caused by tumors or growths on the ovaries, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, or brain. eCollection 2022. Sexual abuse in early childhood has been linked to earlier puberty onset. how many bullets for quarterly award sloan el-100-a manual pharmacy technician diploma 1 year masters programs abroad diamond sharpening stone ace hardware . In one decades-long study of nearly 1,200 girls in Louisiana published in 2003, childhood obesity was linked to earlier periods: Each standard deviation above the average childhood weight was associated with a doubled chance of having a period before age 12. This study aimed to evaluate environmental and dietary factors that affect obesity in children with precocious puberty and to identify key points in health management. [25]. Incidence and prevalence of central precocious puberty in Korea: An epidemiologic study based on a national database. Cho H.H., Yoon Y.M., Moon S.H. Its causes are heterogeneous, with alterations of the central nervous system being of special interest, and with environmental factors also playing a role in some cases. 2013 Jul;42(4):396-402. doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2013.04.005. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Puberty, the transformational period where a child reaches physical and sexual maturity, is a near universal human experience, yet the fundamental processes behind how and when it starts is still a mystery. Chen C., Chen Y., Zhang Y., Sun W., Jiang Y., Song Y., Zhu Q., Mei H., Wang X., Liu S., et al. Selecting items of a food behavior checklist for the development of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children. Disorders of puberty. The site is secure. The decline was even more striking in Black girls, who had begun developing breasts, on average, at age 9. Improvement of Food Habits and Eating Behavior of Children with Obesity and/or Precocious Puberty by Nutrition Education Monitoring. Several factors are most likely contributing at once. The mean BMI of the mothers was 22.8 2.8 kg/m2 and was the highest among mothers of those in the overweight group (p < 0.001). So she decided to collect it herself. Find out about COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines, and Mayo Clinic patient and visitor updates. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Brain magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in girls younger than six years, all boys with precocious puberty, and children with neurologic symptoms. For delayed puberty, a history suggestive of underlying chronic disease (e.g., fatigue, pain, abnormal stools), nutrition and exercise patterns, poor psychosocial functioning, cryptorchidism, anosmia [i.e., in Kallmann syndrome]) is important. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the p-Value determined by analysis of variance test (continuous variables) or 2 test (categorical variables). Treatment of precocious puberty. Obesity has been linked to earlier periods in girls since the 1970s. and Y.H.H. Conceptualization and study design, Y.J.W., Y.H.H., J.H.L., Y.-L.S., and H.-S.L. Copyright 2022 American Academy of Family Physicians. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. I was interviewed quite a lot about the U.S. puberty boom, as we called it, said Dr. Juul. Several possible causes for the recent rapid increase in the reported incidences of precocious puberty and medical treatment for it have been proposed, including increases in childhood obesity, opportunities to exposure to sexual stimulation through TV and the Internet, environmental hormones caused by environmental pollution, and parental focus on child development [3,4]. Percent body fat at age 5 predicts earlier pubertal development among girls at age 9. The data are presented as the mean standard deviation or numbers (%). the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by low levels of FSH and LH and further classified by the pathology. Among the causes of childhood obesity, eating habits and lifestyles are modifiable, and maintaining a balanced diet at home and receiving proper nutrition education are most effective during childhood when eating habits are formed [29]. In this study, the proportion of girls showing precocious puberty was higher than that of boys, and the percentage of overweight was 16.1% and that of obesity was 14.0%. In children with central precocious puberty, Gn-RH will cause other hormone levels to increase. Linear regression was utilised to compare the effects of WHtR and body mass index (BMI) on sex development indicators. You may notice problems with In central precocious puberty, the brain releases GnRH at a younger-than-normal age and starts the process. Probit analysis was used for estimating the median age at entry into Tanner stage 2 or greater for breast, pubic hair and testicle development. ; formal analysis, Y.J.W. Keywords: Our study analyzed differences in family composition, parental obesity status and chronic disease status, and dietary habits according to the obesity level of children with precocious puberty. Would you like email updates of new search results? Girls who go through puberty early are at a higher risk of depression, anxiety, substance abuse and other psychological problems, compared with peers who hit puberty later. The NQ scores, which reflect a comprehensive evaluation of childrens nutrition status and eating habits, are shown in Table 4. and H.-S.L. In central precocious puberty, the HPG axis is activated, resulting in early but normal development, symmetric progression of secondary sexual characteristics, and increasing growth velocity.6,9,32 Central precocious puberty is approximately 10-fold more common in girls than in boys.33 Although usually idiopathic in girls, it can be incited by head trauma, neoplasm, radiation, or genetic conditions.5,6,9 Pathologic causes of central precocious puberty are more common in boys.5,6,9, Peripheral precocious puberty occurs when hormonal influences originating outside of the HPG axis produce incomplete, atypically sequenced or rapid pubertal progression.5,6,9 Quickly progressing or significant hyperandrogenic findings may warrant workup for congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an androgen-secreting tumor. Validation study of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire in Korean. (No difference was found in boys.) Nonhuman studies and studies older than 10 years were excluded. Liu Y, Yu T, Li X, Pan D, Lai X, Chen Y, Wang X, Yu X, Fu S, Huang S, Lin C, Liu S. Endocrine. The functionality is limited to basic scrolling. Soliman A., De Sanctis V., Elalaily R. Nutrition and pubertal development. It is understood that the score for moderation was relatively low due to the high frequency of eating sweets, fast food, instant noodles, late-night snacks, and street foods and the childrens inability to control their consumption of these foods. Among them, 54 patients who provided incomplete responses and two who were diagnosed in other hospitals, were excluded. eCollection 2022. The following are more likely causes according to Dr. Fine: Obesity Rising obesity rates in the U.S. are likely linked to early puberty in girls. In boys, determining the location, consistency, and size of the testes can evaluate for cryptorchidism, malignancy, or Klinefelter syndrome (firm testes), and help determine pubertal staging. Theres plenty more data that age 8 is not the optimal cutoff for separating normal from abnormal, Dr. Kaplowitz said. Awareness of and satisfaction with a childs body shape by both the child and their parents has been studied in previous research [13,14]. Diagnosis is by comparison with population standards, x-rays of the left hand and wrist to assess skeletal maturation and check for accelerated bone growth, and measurement of serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal and adrenal steroids. There was no significant difference in the percentage of fathers with chronic diseases among the three groups, but fathers of children in the obese group had the highest rate of such diseases. Children with this disorder often undergo brain scans and take prescribed puberty-blocking drugs to delay sexual development until an appropriate age. Numerous studies since have established that girls who are overweight or obese tend to start their periods earlier than girls of average weights do. In this study, the results regarding body shape awareness and satisfaction showed that childrens dissatisfaction with overweight or obesity was lower than the results reported by Cho et al. results: 25.98% and 38.58% of boys with precocious puberty were respectively accompanied by obesity (or=2.15, 95% ci=1.31 to 3.50) or central obesity (or=2.10, 95% ci=1.46 to 3.03); meanwhile, 13.86% and 29.42% of girls with precocious puberty were respectively accompanied by obesity (or=9.00, 95% ci=5.60 to 14.46) or central obesity (or=5.40, Gender : Girls are 10 times more likely to attain precocious puberty, than boys. Boo M.N., Cho S.K., Park K. Evaluation of dietary behavior and nutritional status of elementary school students in Jeju using nutrition quotient. For decades, medical textbooks have defined the stages of puberty using the so-called Tanner Scale, which was based on close observations between 1949 and 1971 of about 700 girls and boys who had lived in an orphanage in England. 1 Model: adjusted for age, sex, current family composition, numbers of siblings, economic level, and education level. (Father, OR for overweight = 1.67; 95% CI: 0.991.62; OR for obesity = 2.53; 95% CI: 2.013.65; mother, OR for overweight = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.931.84; OR for obesity = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.352.29.) 1999 Oct;104(4 Pt 1):936-41. doi: 10.1542/peds.104.4.936. If abnormal growth velocity is a concern, serum thyroid function, prolactin, and insulinlike growth factor I should be assessed.7 Constitutional delay of growth and puberty can be difficult to distinguish from persistent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; the latter may be diagnosed at 18 years of age if there is inadequate response to jump-start therapy (which is defined later in this section), and sex steroid replacement is still required.7,45, Bone age indicates the degree of sex steroid effect on bone maturation and future growth potential.7,9 For example, patients with constitutional delay of growth and puberty generally have a delay of more than two years, but this finding is nonspecific.8. Li X, Zhang X, Shen Z, Chen Z, Wang H, Zhang X. Int J Med Sci. Merck Manual Professional Version. What causes precocious puberty? Obesity has been linked . This study had several limitations. For example, premature thelarche refers to isolated breast development in very young girls, while premature adrenarche refers to isolated pubic or axillary hair in boys and girls. Does self-esteem affect body dissatisfaction levels in female adolescents? These are poorly understood but do not represent an underlying medical condition. Mothers experience of having a girl with precocious puberty. Precocious puberty. Puberty-timing is everything! Search dates: October 1, 2016, to May 21, 2017. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features Mice and people with certain genetic mutations in this region experienced later sexual development. Wu D, Shi L, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Lin X, Li X, Zhao H, Zhu Z, Fu Y, Li H, Dong X. Pinyerd B., Zipf W.B. Why this process begins early in some children depends on whether they have central precocious puberty or peripheral precocious puberty. Other searches included Essential Evidence Plus, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force website. Testosterone is responsible for the growth and development of male sexual characteristics. The fathers BMI showed a significant correlation with the childs BMI (. We aimed to investigate the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity as well as central obesity.

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precocious puberty causes obesity

precocious puberty causes obesity